Principle and type of grain cleaning machine

Grain cleaning is an indispensable part of the grain after harvesting. After the grain is cleaned, seeds of uniform quality and uniform size can be obtained. After the cleansing, the seeds have cleared most of the pests, which reduces the possibility of future infection, reduces the weed content in the field, and the crops grow neatly and mature, which is conducive to mechanization.

      First, the type

There are many types of grain cleaning machines. According to the principle of cleaning, it is divided into conventional sorting method and electric separation method. The conventional clearing method is to use the physical and mechanical characteristics such as the geometrical size, aerodynamic characteristics and specific gravity of the seed for cleaning, mainly including wind selection, screening, wind screening, selection of wind screen, eye selection, weight selection, and wind screen. More than 10 kinds of products such as specific gravity combination, photoelectric selection, shape selection, spiral separator, etc. Nowadays, a wide range of cleaning machines are available in four categories: wind screen cleaning machine, gravity type cleaning machine, socket tube cleaning machine and double cleaning machine.

The electroseparation method is performed according to biological characteristics (seed germination rate, vigor, etc.). According to the objects selected for clearing, it is divided into rice, soybean (SXDF-1), corn, wheat, peanut, rape (SXF-1.5), vegetable seeds, grain seeds, forest seeds, forage seeds, rapeseed seeds and other special cleaning machines. Multi-function cleaning machine (SXD2 type).

        Second, the principle of clearing

     (1) Wind screen cleaning machine

       Cleaning and air separation are mainly carried out by utilizing the difference in geometry and suspension speed between seeds and inclusions. The screening is based on the difference in seed geometry, and the sieve of the appropriate size is arranged to achieve the purpose of separation under the reciprocating motion of the sieve. The screening also utilizes the difference in suspension speed to remove light impurities. The air screen type cleaning machine is mainly used for primary selection and basic cleaning of seeds such as wheat, soybean and corn.

     (2) Gravity cleaning machine

      The separation is mainly carried out by using the specific gravity of each component in the material. When a certain pressure of air flows through the seed, the seed is lifted and stratified due to the difference in air quality, and the vibration of the screen surface pushes the heavier seed in contact with the screen surface to go higher from the feeding end to the discharge end. Lighter seeds go lower, thus achieving separation. The specific gravity cleaning machine is mainly used for cleaning all kinds of light and heavy impurities with different outer dimensions and specific gravity. Such as insect seeds, moldy, hollow, embryo-free seeds, as well as broken bricks, soil, stones, sand and so on. The specific gravity cleaning machine can be used in stand-alone or in combination with seed processing plants and seed processing centers.

     (3) Wool cylinder cleaning machine

      It mainly uses the rotation of the seed in the eye tube, the length of the seed, the size of the impurity and the different movement modes to achieve the purpose of separating the long and short impurities. When the seed in the tube enters the bottom of the eye tube, the grass seed to be removed, such as the short seed of the broken seed, is trapped in the orbit and is discharged as the rotation rises simply. Seeds that do not enter the eye slide back along the inner wall of the cylinder and exit from the other end. The directional movement is discharged from the other end. In the seed processing process, the hole type cylinder cleaner can be used as a selective body for separating long and short impurities, and can also be used as a seed classifier in selection. Representative model: nest cylinder type sunflower cleaning machine

     (4) Double cleaning machine

      It mainly selects the size and aerodynamic characteristics of the seed. Firstly, by changing the cross-sectional area of the suction channel, different airflow velocities are obtained to separate light and heavy impurities; then, the difference in geometry between seeds and hybrids is used. A certain size of mesh holes to separate impurities and thin kernels; finally, the long and short impurities are separated by the length of the seed through the socket of the eye to achieve the purpose of separation. Representative models have 5XF-2000

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